The Origin and Role of the Greek Gods

In classical-era mythology, twelve Gods andGod Mars was connected to Ares, but he was also
Goddesses ruled from Mt. Olympus.   Zeus was theseen as a God of agriculture and held in higher regard
deemed the king of the Gods and Hera his queen. by mortals.
This pantheon of twelve Gods and Goddesses areDionysus
considered the Olympians, representing primaryBorn to Zeus and the mortal Semele in the city of
aspects of life such as war, love and death.  Six maleThebes, Dionysus was regarded as one of the gods
gods exist in the pantheon, two (Zeus and Poseidon)of the epiphany or "gods that come."  He was the
were born of Titan Gods themselves and overthrewGod of Wine, Merriment and Ecstasy and fittingly a
their father to rule the universe.   Hades, their brother,popular god often honored with festivals.  Writings of
also fought by their side, but after the victory he wasthe time contend that he possessed an androgynous
given rule of the Underworld, so did not sit atop Mt.beauty and long, flowing locks.  This could be the
Olympus with his brothers.influence of one tale that suggests Hermes was
Zeus - King of the Godstasked by Zeus to hide the boy away to protect him
Zeus was King of the Gods and ruler of Mt.from the vengeful Hera.  Hermes took him to his
Olympus.    He was the youngest son to Cronusmortal relatives and commanded that they raise the
and Rhea, Titans who were themselves children ofboy as a girl to deceive Hera and protect him.
Ouranos and Gaia, the sky and Earth in classicalHephaestus
Greek mythology.  Zeus overthrew his father CronusRegarded as a gentle and compassionate god, he
with the aid of his two brothers, Poseidon and Hadeswas the god of metal, blacksmiths, artisans, craftsman,
in a ten-year battle known as the Titanomachy, ormetallurgy, volcanoes and fire.  Thrown from Mt.
more popularly as "The Clash of the Titans."  ZeusOlympus by his mother Hera, he is the only God
fathered many of the characters in Greek mythologydepicted as repulsive.  He was also described as
with Goddesses, deities and mortals alike.  Greeklame, due to the injuries he suffered in his fall from Mt.
artists frequently portrayed Zeus either astride hisOlympus.  Hephaestus is credited with the creation of
throne ruling over Olympus or striding forward withmany of Greek mythologies most magnificent
thunderbolt in hand.  Jupiter is the Roman equivalentweapons and tools including:  Hermes' sandals and
of Zeus.helmet, the Aegis breastplate, the armor of Achilles,
PoseidonHelio's chariot, Eros bow and arrow and the thrones at
God of the seas, bringer of earthquakes and brotherMt. Olympus.  The Romans named this god Vulcan.
to Zeus and Hades.  He was given reign of the seasHermes
after the battle of the Titans.  He is perhaps the mostWith wings on his sandals, Hermes was possessed of
iconic of the Greek gods, his trident a familiar andgreat speed and assumed the role of "messenger of
pervasive symbol.  The ancient Greeks believed hethe Gods" and transporter of souls to the
had the ability to offer calm waters for sailing andUnderworld.  He was the only God permitted to enter
bountiful fishing expeditions, but when angered wouldthe realms of Heaven, Earth and the Underworld. 
smash his trident into the ground causing earthquakesLike all Gods, he was possessed of fallibility:  the
and tidal waves.  He was a popular god andimpulse to steal.  This shortcoming earned him the
considered the protector of many Greek cities.honor of God of Thieves.  The son of Zeus, Hermes
Apollowas a trusted ally of the king of Gods and frequent
Apollo was perhaps the most multi-faceted God, seenconfidant.  He wore a "petasus" (a shallow, round hat)
as God of light and the sun; prophecy and truth; healingand was often portrayed with wings on his shoulders
and medicine; music, art and poetry.  Son of Zeus andalong with his famed winged sandals.  The Roman
Leto, he has a twin sister, the virgin Goddessincarnation of Hermes is Mercury.
Artemis.  He was regarded as the most handsomeHades
of the Gods, always depicted as youthful andBrother of Zeus and Poseidon, Hades fought alongside
clean-shaven.  He was considered to have bothhis brothers in the Titanomachy, helping to destroy their
great capacity to heal and to bring forth pestilence andfather Cronus and begin the rule of the Olympian
plague.  His symbols are the bow, lyre and laurel.  HeGods.  After their victory in the battle of the Titans,
is also known as "Apollo" by the Romans.Hades and his brothers divided rule of the world. 
AresDrawing lots, Zeus was given the sky, Poseidon the
The God of war was named Ares.  The Greeksseas and Hades the underworld.  Popular notions of
viewed him more as the God of bloodlust orHades are a bit distorted, probably from Christian
slaughter.  Ares was seen as unpredictable, chaoticviews of hell.  In Greek mythology, Hades was a
and barbaric.  It was his half-sister Athena who actedbenevolent ruler who sought balance in the
as goddess of strategic warfare.  The vulture andUnderworld, but was capable of rage and vindictive
dog were the sacred animals of Ares.  The Romanactions if crossed.